Vaccinations

Unless your dog lives in a secure room closed off to all people, animals and even circulating air, he will no doubt come into contact with communicable diseases, bugs and other assorted nasty things. Vaccinations and booster shots will help to keep him safe. Yearly vaccinations include those for the more common fatal diseases, including distemper. All-in-one shots will generally protect your pooch from distemper, hepatitis, parainfluenza and parvovirus. Depending on local risks, protection from coronavirus, leptospirosis and Lyme disease may also be included. Also ask your vet about heartworm testing and prevention. A rabies shot will be needed every few years. If Fido is boarded often, make sure he gets a preventative shot for kennel cough.
Some vets suggest testing your dog's immunity to distemper and hepatitis, among other diseases, and vaccinating only those at high risk for these illnesses. The cost of these tests can sometimes be higher than those of the shot, but there are some indications that too many vaccinations can over-stimulate your dog's immune system, which can sometimes lead to an increase in immune-related diseases.
Some vaccinations may have side effects, including nausea, vomiting, hives and breathing trouble. Don't leave the vet's office right after your dog gets his shot, since most allergic reactions will occur within 15 minutes. Keep a close watch on him for a few days after, and be careful when touching the tender areas where the shot was given. Inform the vet of any lumps, changes in skin color, or changes in behavior that persist for more than a few days.